feelings. Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya", "The built environment & the impact of neighborhood characteristics on youth sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, South Africa", MEASLES OUTBREAK – A STUDY IN MIGRANT POPULATION IN ALIGARH, "Vivax malaria and bacteraemia: A prospective study in Kolkata, India", "Modelling typhoid risk in Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh: The role of socio-economic and environmental factors", "Socio-demographic determinants and prevalence of Tuberculosis knowledge in three slum populations of Uganda", "Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region", "Risk Factors for Death in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis", "The burden of cholera in the slums of Kolkata, India: Data from a prospective, community based study", "The High Burden of Cholera in Children: Comparison of Incidence from Endemic Areas in Asia and Africa", "The burden of disease profile of residents of Nairobi's slums: Results from a Demographic Surveillance System", "The burden of cholera in the slums of Kolkata, India: data from a prospective, community based study", In a Liberian slum swarming with Ebola, a race against time to save two little girls, Liberian Slum Takes Ebola Treatment Into Its Own Hands, "Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world", "Malnutrition kills 56,000 children annually in urban slums", "Health awareness and behavior among adolescent students in a rural school: A cross sectional observational study", "Differences in the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease between Slum Dwellers and the General Population in a Large Urban Area in Brazil", "Performance of a community-based health and nutrition-education intervention in the management of diarrhoea in a slum of Delhi, India", "Slum health: Diseases of neglected populations", "Adult Mortality in Slums of Karachi, Pakistan", "Health in slums: understanding the unseen", The Seven Myths of Slums: Challenging popular prejudices about the world’s urban poor, Slum dwellers refuse to vacate railway land, Homeless labourers protest razing of slums, World Bank Experience with the Provision of Infrastructure Services for the Urban Poor, Modernism and Urban Renewal in Denmark 1939–1983, Urban Land Tenure Policies in Brazil, South Africa, and India: an Assessment of the Issues, Policy and Planning as Public Choice Mass Transit in the United States, Public transport in Victorian London: Part Two: Underground, Historic American Engineering Record: Clifton Hood, IRT and New York City, Subway, Before Public Housing, a City Life Cleared Away, The impact of post-war slum clearance in the UK, "The face of urban poverty: Explaining the prevalence of slums in developing countries", Story of the Slum, Chicago West Side 1890-1930, A Big Devil in the Jondolos: A report on shack fires by Matt Birkinshaw, Every third person will be a slum dweller within 30 years, UN agency warns, Mute Magazine Vol 2#3, Naked Cities – Struggle in the Global Slums, 2006, "The Economics of Slums in the Developing World", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slum&oldid=977858498, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2018, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Lloyd, P. (1979), Slums of Hope: shanty towns of the Third World, Manchester University Press, McAuslan, Patrick. [265], Slum clearance became a priority policy in Europe between 1950–1970s, and one of the biggest state-led programs. slam (third-person singular simple present slams, present participle slamming, simple past and past participle slammed) (transitive, ergative) To shut with sudden force so as to produce a shock and noise.

The urban poor gradually become marginalized in the housing market where few houses are built to sell to them. [133], However, the density and neighbourhood effects of slum populations may also offer an opportunity to target health interventions. (1981). Ghetto tourism includes all forms of entertainment — gangsta rap, video games, movies, TV, and other forms that allow consumers to traffic in the inner city without leaving home. Matt Birkinshaw, Abahlali baseMjondolo Movement SA. [73] The problem can also lie on the failure in coordination among different departments in charge of economic development, urban planning, and land allocation. Cape Town, SA: University of Cape Town Press, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), "Back to back housing, courts, and privies: the slums of 19th century England", The challenge of slums – Global report on Human Settlements, "State of the World's Cities Report 2012/2013: Prosperity of Cities", Assessing Slums in the Development Context, Local Government Actions to Reduce Poverty and Achieve The Millennium Development Goals, "Discovering Literature: Romantics & Victorians: Slums", Toronto Culture – Exploring Toronto's past – The First Half of the 20th Century, 1901–51, "Remembering St. John's Ward: The Images of Toronto City Photographer, Arthur S. Goss", Ordering the Disorderly Slum – Standardizing Quality of Life in Marseille Tenements and Bidonvilles, "Cités de transit": the urban treatment of poverty during decolonisation, "International Medical Corps – International Medical Corps", Machetes, Ethnic Conflict and Reductionism, Brazil: The Challenges in Becoming an Agricultural Superpower, "Urbanization—an emerging humanitarian disaster", Slums as Expressions of Social Exclusion: Explaining the Prevalence of Slums in African Countries, Enclaves yes, ghettoes, no: Segregation and the state, Africa: Improved infrastructure key to slum upgrading – UN Official, The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements (2003), Growing out of poverty: Urban job Creation and the Millennium Development Goals, "The Informal Economy: Fact Finding Study", Towards a better understanding of informal economy, In nairobi’s slums, problems and potential as big as Africa itself, In one slum, misery, work, politics and hope, Bid to develop Indian slum draws opposition, Bright City Lights and Slums of Dhaka city, Fleeing war, finding misery The plight of the internally displaced in Afghanistan, Three years after Haiti earthquake, loss of hope, desperation, Slum eviction plans in Haiti spark protests, Bangladesh cyclone: Rebuilding after Cyclone Sidr, Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Slum Territories Vulnerable to Natural Disasters, Provision of basic services in the slums and resettlement colonies of Delhi, Amélioration physique des taudis et des bidonvilles, "A theory of urban squatting and land-tenure formalization in developing countries", "Housing Codes, Building Demolition, and Just Compensation: A Rationale for the Exercise of Public Powers over Slum Housing", "Quality of Water the Slum Dwellers Use: The Case of a Kenyan Slum", Integrated Water Sanitation and Waste Management in Kibera, "Improving the health and welfare of people who live in slums", Growth of Slums, Availability of Infrastructure and Demographic Outcomes in Slums: Evidence from India, The unlisted: how people without an address are stripped of their basic rights, "Sodom And Gomorrah (Agbogbloshie) - Ghana". [18], Before the 19th century, rich and poor people lived in the same districts, with the wealthy living on the high streets, and the poor in the service streets behind them. [248] The project was anticipated to be complete in four years, but it took nine. In Cape Town, over 300,000 tourists visit the city each year to view the slums.[5].
A more recent example of slum-upgrading approach is PRIMED initiative in Medellin, Colombia, where streets, Metrocable transportation and other public infrastructure has been added. Charles Dickens used the word slum in a similar way in 1840, writing "I mean to take a great, London, back-slum kind walk tonight". Some of them are seeking jobs at the same time and some of those will eventually find jobs in formal economies after gaining some professional skills in informal sectors. Ed. As the slum started by violating another's property rights, the residents have no legal claim to the land. [56] Fires are another major risk to slums and its inhabitants,[153][154] with streets too narrow to allow proper and quick access to fire control trucks. [233] Nearly a billion people worldwide live in slums, and some project the figure may grow to 2 billion by 2030 if governments and the global community ignore slums and continue current urban policies. Les candidats, au buzzer doivent répondre à une série de questions dont la réponse est toujours une lettre. 41, no. [17], The word slum has negative connotations, and using this label for an area can be seen as an attempt to delegitimize that land use when hoping to repurpose it. [1], Research in the latest years based on ethnographic studies, conducted since 2008 about slums, published initially in 2017, has found out the primary importance of labour as the main cause of emergence, rural-urban migration, consolidation and growth of informal settlements . In Mumbai and New Delhi, 47% and 51% of slum children under the age of five are stunted and 35% and 36% of them are underweighted. (transitive, ergative) To put in … [citation needed], However, slum relocation in the name of urban development is criticized for uprooting communities without consultation or consideration of ongoing livelihood. Slum tourism, poverty tourism, or ghetto tourism is a type of city tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas. Ind. [19], In 2013, controversy arose when "Real Bronx Tours" offered tours of The Bronx, North America, advertised as "a ride through a real New York City 'ghetto'...[the borough] was notorious for drugs, gangs, crime and murders". [68] And even though an agglomerated economy benefits these cities by bringing in specialization and multiple competing suppliers, the conditions of slums continue to lag behind in terms of quality and adequate housing. Rising rural poverty also encourages migration to urban areas.