By 2011, that number had dropped to 3,271.

It is theorized and speculated that Romanians and the Vlachs (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) are the combination of descendants of Roman colonists[1] and people indigenous to the region who were Romanized. Romanian cuisine is a diverse blend of various indigenous and foreign cooking traditions. Movies were very popular, and from the 1960s, foreign films started becoming quite widespread. Romania was once also the cradle of Yiddish theatre, and to this day Bucharest is home to a State Jewish Theater, despite the small number of Jews remaining in the country. [5] The dispute over the figure is included in the United States Department of State report on religious freedom in Romania. (witches, undead human and animal spirits) that brought illness and Other dishes will accompany the main pork dish or be made from pork, and Romanian plum brandy may be served. Russian and Western influences brought about the introduction of polyphony in religious music in the 18th century, a genre developed by a series of Romanian composers in the 19th and 20th centuries. The revolutionary year 1848 had its echoes in the Romanian principalities and in Transylvania, and a new elite from the middle of the 19th century emerged from the revolutions: Mihail Kogălniceanu (writer, politician and the first prime minister of Romania), Vasile Alecsandri (politician, playwright and poet), Andrei Mureşanu (publicist and the writer of the current Romanian National Anthem) and Nicolae Bălcescu (historian, writer and revolutionary). Romanians, the majority of whom adhere to Orthodox Christianity, place significance on this holiday more than any others, including Christmas. The largest ethnic groups are Hungarians (500,444, including Székelys; 41% of the Hungarians), Romanians (297,246 or 1.8%), Germans (21,324 or 59%), and Roma (20,821 or 3.3%), as well as a majority of the country's Slovaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Italians, Czechs, Poles, and Csangos (27,296 in all). The rate of church attendance is, however, significantly lower. On the other hand, according to data published in the 2012 Annuario Pontificio, the Romanian Greek Catholic Church had 663,807 members (3.3% of the total population), 8 bishops, 1,250 parishes, some 791 diocesan priests and 235 seminarians of its own rite at the end of 2012. For example, government and public events often begin with a religious service. The majority of Greek Catholics live in the northern part of Transylvania. emphasized. Bucovina, a region in Romania, is famous for its monasteries with painted frescoes and other historic buildings, as well as its natural landscape. Sights throughout Romania, like Bran Castle, are associated with Vlad the Impaler (also known as Dracula), and tours and events focus on his legacy.

(1) Romanian Orthodox Church, (2) Serbian Orthodox Bishopric of Timişoara, (3) Roman-Catholic Church, (4) Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, (5) Archbishopric of the Armenian Church, (6) Russian Old-Rite Christian Church of Romania … 52, No.

Folk costumes are not entirely just for celebrations; while most of the residents of cities dress in modern-day Western attire, many in rural areas still wear traditional dress. Groups that have settled in one location generally adsorb some of the gajikané (non-Roma) local culture. A few have survived and managed to raise their quality and to maintain a critical spirit despite the hardships they encountered.

6% of the population of this county, are represented in the Parliament by the Democratic Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars of Romania, founded on 29 December 1989.[14].

Also, a state financed radio (Radio România Cultural) and a television channel (TVR Cultural) with a cultural programme exist, but they are not highly popular. According to a survey conducted in July 2015, 96.5% of Romanians believe in God, 84.4% believe in saints, 59.6% believe in the existence of heaven, 57.5% in that of hell, and 54.4% in afterlife. These laws protect the right of religious followers to organize and prohibit forced religious practice. (indicating when these statistics were last updated). The government made efforts to undermine religious teachings and faith in favour of science and empiricism.4 However, after the collapse of the regime, it became evident that much of the Romanian population had continued to be devoted to their faith in private.5.

Europe-Asia Studies, Vol.

from citizens. monasteries of Moldavia are world-reknowned. Romania has had several flag designs; this most current one was adopted in December 1989 after the fall of Romania's communist government. The 2011 census numbers are based on a stable population of 20,121,641 people and exclude a portion of about 6% due to unavailable data.[3]. Family. [36], Geographical distribution of denominations, Eastern Orthodoxy in Romania (2002 census), Lavinia Stan and Lucian Turcescu. Romania is the most religious out of 34 European countries. The culture of Romania is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution. During communist rule, religion was officially viewed as a personal matter, and belief or membership in a religious organisation was considered to be incompatible with loyalty to the Communist Party. Department of Home Affairs’ Community Information Summaries. Mihai Eminescu, national poet of Romania and Moldova. Most are Romanians (124,563), with the remainder mostly Hungarians or Roma. Relatives provide emotional and financial support to one another and generally spend much of their free time socialising together. The According to the 2011 census data, there are also approximately 3,500 Jews, around 21,000 atheists and about 19,000 people not identifying with any religion.
Once fairly well represented in Romania, Judaism has fallen to around 3,500 adherents in 2011, which is about 0.02% of the population. For example, the legend of Dracula and the Dacian history are unique to Romania. Uniter – The Romanian Theatres Association – gives yearly awards to the best performances. and other gifts. Sentimental music, however, is the most valued, and Romanians consider their doina (a sad song either about one's home or about love, composed like an epic ballad) unique in the world. All of the theatres had a stable, state-funded budget. Domestic or "friendly" foreign productions constituted the bulk of films in cinemas. Martisor amulets may be nothing but twisted or woven threads, but often a small medallion or coin is attached, giving the amulet individual character. [31] Antisemitism was a prominent feature of Liberal political currents in the 19th century, before being abandoned by Liberal parties and adopted by left-wing peasant and later fascist groups in the early 20th century. A letter dating from 1521, from Neacşu of Câmpulung to the mayor of Braşov, is considered to be the earliest known text written in Romanian.

Two of them, Vasile Pandelescu, and Dumnitru Zamfira are one of the most famous examples of Romanian folk musicians. Religious Practitioners. The Székely and the Saxons living in Transylvania made many important architectural contributions to the region, including numerous churches, fortifications, and town centers.

[15] Lastly, the number of people who have identified with other religions than the ones explicitly mentioned in the 2011 census comes to a total of about 30,000 people.[16]. It helped publish a great number of Romanian language books and newspapers, and between 1898 and 1904 it published a Romanian Encyclopedia. The final data for the 2011 national census shows a reduction of this figure to about 93.5% but includes a much larger portion of the population where religion-related data is missing (6.26%).

During Christmas, nearly every family slaughters a pig and cooks it using a wide variety of traditional recipes like cârnaţi – a type of long sausage with meat; caltaboşi – sausages made with liver and other internal organs; piftie – a jelly made from parts like the feet, head and ears; tochitură (a kind of stew) – served along with mămăligă and wine ("so that the pork can swim"); and tobă (head cheese). The first printed book, a prayer book in Slavonic, was produced in Wallachia in 1508 and the first book in Romanian, a catechism, was printed in Transylvania, in 1544. Distinctions of Eastern Orthodox churches generally occur according to nationalities. More progressive theatres managed to survive in some remote cities that became favorite destinations for young actors, but they generally had only a local audience. Traditional folk medicine made extensive use of locally grown plants The Romanian state officially recognizes 18 religions and denominations. The figure of the total population of each country is drawn

This movement, however leaned more towards westernization in general, when in fact the origin of the Romanian people is not only from the peoples of the former Roman Empire, but also from the ancient Dacians, predating the arrival of the Romans, not to mention that from around the 1600s to the 1800s Romanian culture was heavily influenced by Eastern influences as emphasized through the Ottomans, and the Phanariotes. While city dwellers no longer fatten a Christmas pig, most Romanians still keep up the tradition of eating pork for Christmas. Uniatism and Orthodoxy were unified by state decree after World The first is probably of no lasting cultural value, but the second managed to create valuable works, successfully avoiding censorship and being very well received by the general public. Black is the most common color used, but red and blue are predominant in certain areas. Pork is the main meat used in Romanian cuisine, but also beef is consumed and a good lamb or fish dish is never to be refused. In 1930, more than 700,000 people in the Kingdom of Romania (including Bessarabia) practiced Judaism. Romania is a very religious country.

People speak about a crisis of culture in this country, but if there is a crisis of culture, it is only at an institutional level. A wide range of soups is consumed in the country and grouped under the category ciorbă. The Romanian Orthodox Church and Post-Communist Democratisation. The end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century was marked in Wallachia and Moldavia by the reigns of Phanariote Princes; thus the two principalities were heavily influenced by the Greek world. Although Christian belief in heaven and hell is common, a practical

Romania is a secular state, and it has no state religion. tab at the bottom of the page, as well as the date this profile was published Bran Castle was a favorite residence of Romania’s Queen Marie, and its museum honors the Queen and pays homage to the associations the castle has gained with the Dracula legend.

are out-dated, unavailable, unreliable, or the country’s In music, the most important event is the "George Enescu" Classical Music Festival but also festivals like "Jeunesses Musicales" International Festival and Jazz festivals in Sibiu and Bucharest are appreciated.

[30] Non-Christians were denied citizenship until the late 19th century, and even then faced obstacles and limited rights. [11] One of the largest is the Grand Mosque of Constanța, originally known as the Carol I Mosque.

With the purpose of educating the large masses of peoples, a huge number of books were published. Romani groups around the world hold different traditions, customs and beliefs. Also during the golden age came the epoch of Romanian philosophy with such figures as Mircea Vulcănescu, Dimitrie Gusti, Alexandru Dragomir, and Vasile Conta.
You can find a direct link to all these sources under the ‘References’ Western films, when shown, were heavily censored: entire sections were cut, and dialogue was translated only using ideologically accepted words. VIDEO", "Unde se roagă albanezii musulmani? They wore an apron called şorţ or cătrinţă which is also embroidered and a headscarf called basma; on special occasions they wore more elaborate outfits.

A consequence of the communist attitude towards the bourgeoisie elites in general, was the creation, for the first time in Romania's history, of a diaspora.