Both the process of copying DNA during cell division and exposure to environmental mutagens can result in mutations in somatic cells. The Human Genome Project (HGP), which operated from 1990 to 2003, provided researchers with basic information about the sequences of the three billion chemical base pairs (i.e., adenine [A], thymine [T], guanine [G], and cytosine [C]) that make up human genomic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In certain lymphocytes in the human immune system, V(D)J recombinationgenerates different genomic … From the Greek ΓΕΝ gen, "gene" (gamma, epsilon, nu, epsilon) meaning "become, create, creation, birth", and subsequent variants: genealogy, genesis, genetics, genic, genomere, genotype, genus etc. Genome This resource organizes information on genomes including sequences, maps, chromosomes, assemblies, and annotations. In some cases, such mutations lead to cancer because they cause cells to divide more quickly and invade surrounding tissues. for diagnostic or therapeutic decision-making) and the health outcomes and policy implications of that clinical use. Genomics is the study of all of a person's genes (the genome), including interactions of those genes with each other and with the person's environment. Genomics and Medicine Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of their clinical care (e.g. All the cells of an organism originate from a single cell, so they are expected to have identical genomes; however, in some cases, differences arise. Deoxyribonucleic acid (/ diːˈɒksɪˌraɪboʊnjuːˌkliːɪk, - ˌkleɪ -/ (listen); DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

While the word genome (from the German Genom, attributed to Hans Winkler) was in use in English as early as 1926, the term genomics was coined by Tom Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine), over beer at a meeting held in Maryland on the mapping of the human genome in 1986.