For example, a diagnosis of PKU made in an infant through newborn screening means that the infants parents are carriers, and that they have a 25% chance with each future pregnancy for having another child with PKU. Retrieved on November 9, 2007 from the National Human Genome Research Institute, http://www.genome.gov/10002077, National Human Genome Research Institute. This is called informed dissent, with minimal information provided to parents.

©2009—2020 Bioethics Research Library Box 571212 Washington DC 20057-1212 202.687.3885 This new direction in healthcare calls for all nurses to be able to effectively translate genetic and genomic information to patients with an understanding of associated ethical issues. Nurses in all practice areas will be increasingly involved in the genetic testing process, helping the patient understand the purpose and also the risks and benefits of the genetic test, as part of the informed, decision-making and consent process.

Genetic technologies are creating new sources of medical information for individuals, families, and communities that raise important ethical, legal, and social issues. Nursing practice is increasingly incorporating genetics and genomics into its continuum of care, including attention to and consideration of ethical issues. Nurses practicing in primary healthcare settings and specialty care, such as oncology, will continue to be involved in obtaining and reviewing patient family histories. Genetic discrimination was identified early on in the Human Genome Project by the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications program at the National Human Genome Research Institute as an ethical issue that needed to be addressed before the benefits of the Human Genome Project could be fully implemented.

The use of genetic testing from pre-conception through adulthood is expanding rapidly.

|, Department of Genetic Medicine (Research) | – | Weill …, Sports Medicine – University of Rochester Medical Center, http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/training/resources.htm#genomic, http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml, http://www.who.int/genomics/professionals/tools/en/index.html.

(Adapted from Human Genome Project Information, 2007). Personalized medicine: How the human genome era will usher in a health care revolution. Stuck?

(2003) can help nurses to develop expertise in the genetics and genomics, ethical, decision-making process.

Consensus Panel on Genetic/Genomic Nursing Competencies.

There may be situations where it is necessary to collect medical information from the patients family members. The creation of essential competencies in genetics and genomics by nurses worldwide provides a foundation that supports the expanding role of nursing in genetic and genomic healthcare (Consensus Panel, 2006; Kirk, 2005). This is the worlds largest bioethics program, and it has become a model for ELSI programs worldwide (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2007). Adapted from: Essential Nursing Competencies and Curricula Guidelines for Genetics and Genomics (Consensus Panel, 2006), National Human Genome Research Institute: Genetics and Genomics for Patients and the Public, Bioethics Resources in Genetics and Genomics National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Human Genome Research Institute: Health Professional Education Resources, Centers for Disease Control National Office of Public Health Genomics, Dale Halsey Lea, MPH, RN, CGC, FAAN E-mail: lead@mail.nih.gov.

Giving the parents the infants carrier status has the potential advantage of letting the parents know that they may be at risk for having an affected child in another pregnancy.

Nurses Ethical Issues in Genetic and Genomic Healthcare - Nurses Ethical Issues in Genetic and Genomic Healthcare Abstract A lot of research aimed at, 7 out of 7 people found this document helpful, Nurses Ethical Issues in Genetic and Genomic Healthcare, A lot of research aimed at understanding genetic composition of various diseases that are common as well as. Privacy, as defined by the ANA Code of Ethics (2001) involves the right of the individual to control their own body, actions, and personal information. Genetic information can be identified at any point throughout a persons lifespan from pre-conception until after death.

Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. ethical issues revolving around the practice (International Society of Nurses in Genetics, 2009). Retrieved on November 9, 2007 from the National Human Genome Research Institute, http://www.genome.gov/13514107, National Human Genome Research Institute.

Jenkins, J. At present, genetic testing of children and adolescents to predict adult-onset disorders is deemed inappropriate when the genetic information has not been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality if interventions are begun in childhood. Next up: Another legal hurdle - The New Food Economy, Disruptive Tech: Philip Odegard invests with Genetic Foundation Grant - Diving Daily, Dead bodies are revealing the secrets of how cancer kills - Wired.co.uk.

Retrieved on November 9, 2007from the National Human Genome Research Institute, http://www.genome.gov/11508845, National Institutes of Health. GINA is designed to prohibit improper use of genetic information in insurance and employment decisions.

A child diagnosed with a genetic condition may face lowered self-esteem and risk insurance and employment discrimination. Genetic information obtained from family history and genetic testing, however, may reveal information not only about the health risks of the individual patient being seen, but also of other family members who may not be aware of the health concern. (2007a). We have tutors online 24/7 who can help you get unstuck.

rare in human beings such as stroke, cancer, anemia, diabetes amongst others has been carried out (Lea, 2008). Table 2 presents ELSI research areas identified as grand challenges for the future of genomic research. It is currently recommended that healthcare providers, including nurses, not accommodate parents requests to have predisposition testing for their infant or child until the child is old enough, and has developed adequate, decision-making abilities to make an informed choice (American Society of Human Genetics, 1995).

Each will be discussed in turn.

For eachactivity discussed, an overviewof current and/or emerging ethical issues will be presented. Areas of informed decision making and consent in which nurses will be most involved include gathering family history and requesting medical information. This requires that nurses acquire deeper knowledge and understanding of all genetic practices and. Introduction to the genetics series. Nurses should also be aware of broader societal privacy concerns. In V.D. In doing this the nurse can explain the nature and purpose for gathering family history before seeking the patients verbal consent for this process. The U.S. National Institutes of Health is taking a leading role in addressing these concerns and creating models of informed consent that will assure patients privacy (U.S. DHHS, 2007). Retrieved on November 9, 2007 from the World Health Organization http://www.who.int/genomics/professionals/tools/en/index.html.