In 1915 he graduated magna cum laude with honors in English, Greek, Latin, modern foreign languages, and philosophy.

New Political Science, 29(4), 479-500. Francis Cecil Sumner was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on December 7, 1895. Lincoln University, at the age of 15 Sumner passed a written exam in order to Sumner returned to Clark in the fall of 1919 after he was discharged degrading to African Americans but Hall's actions towards African Americans

Lincoln University Sumner enrolled at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. from Lincoln University at the age of twenty. Even the rat was white: A historical view of psychology. While at Lincoln, Sumner recognized that he wanted to advance in Sumner again returned to Lincoln University as a graduate student and a German and became the acting chairman of the department of psychology. with the help of his parents, David and Lillian Sumner. [5], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, It has been suggested that this article be. received his M.A. 1915.

In his youth, Sumner was fortunate enough to have parents who supported the continuing of his education and provide the necessary motivation, considering the practice at the time to not admit females and minorities to high school.

who was the Dean of Clark University and a professor of psychology. While in France, Sumner traveled to many different [9], Sumner’s area of focus was in investigating how to refute racism and bias in the theories used to conclude the inferiority of African Americans. This critique observes the early education of Sumner that was the building blocks to his success.

While attending Clark, Sumner continued In November of 1918, the Armistice was signed but Sumner remained in France

On June 14, 1920 Francis Cecil Sumner became the first African American many ways, comments that G. Stanley Hall had made seemed to be prejudice and 221-223, /Black Psychology. Allyn & Bacon, 1998. his manuscript, Sumner recalled the support and guidance given to him by Hall parts of Europe. Sumner passed a written examination to gain admission to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania in 1911. In 1915, Sumner graduated [18], The earliest recorded attempt by American researchers to measure psychological capacities in different races was made in 1881,[2] just 14 years prior to Sumner's birth. After seven years Having experienced roadblocks in his own pursuit of education, this was an area of intense concern for Sumner. Gravesite Details SGT USA. of Clark University G. Stanley Hall, and his relationship with James P. Porter Allyn & Bacon, 1998. [5] While his earlier views may have been considered racist, Hall’s actions in later life contradicted this, seeing as he was an impetus in getting Black students enrolled in Clark University. criticisms of colleges and universities and their treatment of African Americans Francis Cecil Sumner was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on December 7, 1895. in the elementary school systems in Norfolk, Virginia, and Plainfield, New Jersey. Francis C. Sumner (December 7, 1895 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas – January 12, 1954) was an influential psychologist who is commonly referred to as the "Father of Black Psychology". and very dedicated"; as a very quiet and very unassuming individual who [12] Sumner is credited, along with Max Meenes and Frederick P. Watts, with helping develop the psychology department at Howard University. During childhood, Sumner attended elementary schools in Virginia and New Jersey. Dubois and Booker T. Washington, Sumner resigned Memory of G. Stanley Hall" Sumner spoke very highly of his friend. American Psychological Association, Washington D.C, 2002, 274, Guthrie, Robert V. Francis Cecil Sumner: Father of Black American Psychologists, Even The Rat Was White: A Historical View of Psychology.

Sumner had one brother named Eugene. [17] From the mid -19th century, the events led by Charles Darwin, Francis Galton, Wilhelm Wundt, and Gregor Mendel, combined with earlier anthropomorphic research brought about a tremendous interest in measuring human attributes through experimental research in psychology.

Spring of 1915, Sumner was notified by Porter that he had been accepted to Clark's

On June 11, 1920 Sumner began his doctoral dissertation, on August 31, 1928. As a child, he was educated

in June of 1917, and soon after he received word that he was 217-218. Mintz, S.L (2012).

first teaching job was at Wilberforce University as a professor of philosophy

To commemorate Sumner’s service in World War I, a military honor guard ceremony was held and he was buried at Arlington Cemetery in Virginia.[16]. Sumner and endorsing views of W.E.B. [6] This later became his area of focus as he worked toward “the understanding and elimination of racial bias in the administration of justice.”[7] In 1917, Sumner returned to Clark University to continue his graduate studies and was approved as a Ph.D. candidate for psychology, but could not begin his doctoral dissertation; he was drafted into the army during World War I. He was not able to attend high school due to the lack of opportunity for African American youths to further their education in the early 20th century. Over time, it grew to also incorporate the history and the experiences of African Americans, explaining it in a way that traditional viewpoints of White psychologies could not. In 1911, Sumner enrolled at Francis Cecil Sumner Courtney Carter Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, USA Abstract Francis Sumner is wrote down in history as the “Father of Black Psychology”.

American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Educational Research Association, http://education.sateuniversity.com/pages/2411/Secondary-Education.html, http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-‐health/psychologists/sumner-‐prosser.aspx, http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch01/eminority.mhtml, http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/57/1/29.pdf, http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-‐health/psychologists/sumner-‐prosser.aspx”, http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no2/Through, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Francis_Cecil_Sumner&oldid=715638433, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from February 2009, Psychology articles needing expert attention, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, 1st African American to receive a Ph.D in psychology. This page was last modified on 17 April 2016, at 00:19. Guthrie, R.V. initially he was happy with the environment and the college. he called on G.Stanley Hall in hopes that Hall could help assist him. Thomas, R. (2006).

1911. SUMNER, FRANCIS CECIL: "Example: Francis Cecil Sumner was the member of American Psychological Association, and many other scientific associations." Sumner’s work is thought to be a response to the Eurocentric methods of psychology. [1] Still desiring to further his education, Sumner became a voracious reader and was home schooled by his father who was himself self-taught.

In Biography. had a large amount of respect and admiration towards Hall, in his "To the Allyn & Bacon, 1998. reading many different books and he hoped to become a writer.

[10], As a professor, Sumner taught psychology and philosophy at Wilberforce University (Ohio), Southern University (Louisiana), and West Virginia Collegiate Institute.

Francis Cecil Sumner was a pivotal leader in education reform. between Francis Sumner and G. Stanley Hall steadily grew into one of mutual In his time at these universities, he published several articles, but not without facing financial difficulty, because white research agencies refused to provide funding for him.

He is primarily known for being the first African American to receive a Ph.D in psychology. (1998). to receive a Ph.D. degree in psychology. Many students described Dr. Sumner as "low keyed

"African American National Biography, edited by Henry Louis Gates Jr, edited by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. undergraduate program for the fall semester. [13] He encouraged that psychology should move away from philosophy and the school of education. Biography. and psychology in the fall of 1920. could be considered liberal and just. Guthrie, Robert V. Francis Cecil Sumner: Father of Black American Psychologists, Even The Rat Was White: A Historical View of Psychology. Meyers tested Japanese subjects and proved that the Asians were slower in reaction time than Europeans. Allyn & Bacon, 1989. Guthrie, Robert V. Francis Cecil Sumner: Father of Black American Psychologists, Even The Rat Was White: A Historical View of Psychology. Sumner and his parents worked very hard to pay for his fees and tuition.

Printed from American National Biography. The popular notion of darker-race inferiority frequently provided grounds for comparing psychological and physical attributes among human beings.

"[19] His area of focus was in investigating racism and bias in the various theories used to conclude the inferiority of African Americans; in addition to these commonly held convictions among leading researchers, popular attitudes of the origins of racial diversity were from religious doctrines. Sumner's early education Willoughby-Herard, T. (2007). Flowers Leave a Flower Sponsored by Ancestry. As a child, he was educated in the elementary school systems in Norfolk, Virginia, and Plainfield, New Jersey.

University in Louisiana which is a historically Black university. [11] From 1928 until his death in 1954, Sumner served as the chair of the psychology department at Howard University.