[15] The Unknown Known is the title of Errol Morris's 2013 biographical documentary film about Rumsfeld.[16]. After Ford’s loss to Jimmy Carter, Rumsfeld entered the private sector. "Rumsfeld's Rules" January 12, 1974 1. [48] During the 1980 Republican National Convention he also received one vote for vice president. [5], The job of finding WMD and providing justification for the attack would fall to the intelligence services, but, according to Kampfner, "Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz believed that, while the established security services had a role, they were too bureaucratic and too traditional in their thinking." A Pentagon Inspector General report found that Rumsfeld's top policy aide, Douglas J. Feith, "developed, produced, and then disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq and al Qaida relationship, which included some conclusions that were inconsistent with the consensus of the Intelligence Community, to senior decision-makers". In its findings, the commission concluded that Iraq, Iran, and North Korea could develop intercontinental ballistic missile capabilities in five to ten years and that U.S. intelligence would have little warning before such systems were deployed. However, as fighting continued, some accused him of deploying an inadequate number of troops. Foukara said people in the Pentagon told Rumsfeld the quantity of troops sent into Iraq was insufficient. with his deputy Paul Wolfowitz adding that Iraq was a "brittle, oppressive regime that might break easily—it was doable," and, according to John Kampfner, "from that moment on, he and Wolfowitz used every available opportunity to press the case. "For example, prior to the invention of the personal computer, manufacturers of typewriters probably didn't foresee the risks to their business. Rumsfeld served as chairman and chief executive officer of General Instrument Corporation from 1990 to 1993. [42] As a result, Rumsfeld's holdings in the company grew significantly when avian flu became a subject of popular anxiety during his later term as Secretary of Defense. [7] His father came from a German-American family that had emigrated in the 1870s from Weyhe in Lower Saxony,[8][9][10]:15–16 but young Donald was sometimes ribbed about looking like a "tough German". In 1973–74 Rumsfeld was Nixon’s ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. [96], The Australia Broadcasting Corporation reported that though Rumsfeld didn't specify a withdrawal date for troops in Iraq, "He says it would be unrealistic to wait for Iraq to be peaceful before removing US led forces from the country, adding that Iraq had never been peaceful and perfect. He promised to personally sign all letters in the future. [17] and reported a number of times in the literature since then as a general approach. [138], In March 2011, Rumsfeld spoke out on the 2011 military intervention in Libya, where Rumsfeld told ABC News Senior White House Correspondent Jake Tapper, that the Obama administration should "recognize… the mission has to determine the coalition. During the four elections during which he ran to represent Illinois's 13th congressional district, Rumsfeld received shares of the popular vote that ranged from 58% (in 1964) to 76% (in 1966). 1. It's unfortunate, and they need a reconciliation process. Those who are fighting against the Iraqi government want to seize power so that they can establish a new sanctuary and a base of operations for terrorists and any idea that U.S. military leaders are rigidly refusing to make adjustments in their approaches is just flat wrong.
The world stands united in this effort". [53] As the new president became settled in, Ford appointed Rumsfeld White House Chief of Staff, where he served from 1974 to 1975. in politics after completing a senior thesis titled "The Steel Seizure Case of 1952 and Its Effects on Presidential Powers". The film consisted of a series of interviews about his life and his government service. One section of the memo questions "How start? We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. "We obviously have been seeking [him] out. He served as the United States' Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council and the Defense Planning Committee, and the Nuclear Planning Group. I have never understood the controversy. The terms "known unknowns" and "unknown unknowns" are often used in project management and strategic planning[6] circles. He had been Ford's confidant since their days in the House, before Ford was House minority leader. "I should underline however, that there are still dangers, there are still pockets of resistance in certain parts of the country and General McNeal and General Franks and their, the cooperation they have with the President Karzai's government and leadership and Marshall Fayheems assistance. He was instead named national chairman for Republican nominee Bob Dole's campaign. Donald Rumsfeld during Department of Defense News Briefing, archive.defense.gov. In such meetings they created a policy that would later be dubbed the Bush Doctrine, centering on "pre-emption" and the war on Iraq, which the PNAC had advocated in their earlier letters. He has been married to Joyce Pierson since … He attended Princeton University on academic and NROTC partial scholarships. airstrike. Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States, "Defense.gov News Transcript: DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers, United States Department of Defense (defense.gov)", "NASA Program Management and Procurement Procedures and Practices: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, June 24, 25, 1981", "Big Data, Small World: Kirk Borne at TEDxGeorgeMasonU", "A reporter at large: a sporty game; 1-betting the company", "Rummy speaks the truth, not gobbledygook", "What Rumsfeld Doesn't Know That He Knows About Abu Ghraib", "Not Giving an Inch in a Battle of Wits and Words; Deciphering Donald H. Rumsfeld in 'The Unknown Known, "Identification of "Known Unknowns" utilizing accurate mass data and chemical abstracts service databases", "Identification of "known unknowns" utilizing accurate mass data and ChemSpider", "Open Science for Identifying "Known Unknown" Chemicals", "DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and General Myers", "Known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns and the propagation of scientific enquiry", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=There_are_known_knowns&oldid=975927302, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 August 2020, at 06:01. In early 1977 Rumsfeld briefly lectured at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School and Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management, located in Chicago, Illinois. The name was later misspelled in the church book. '[80], Before and during the Iraq War, Rumsfeld claimed that Iraq had an active weapons of mass destruction program; in particular during his famous phrase There are known knowns in a press conference at the Pentagon on February 12, 2002[81] Clarke then stated, "We all said, 'No, no, al-Qa'ida is in Afghanistan.'" Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

"[78], There was also controversy between Rumsfeld at the Pentagon and the CIA over who had the authority to fire Hellfire missiles from Predator drones. Rumsfeld also informed Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz that "Our efforts to assist were inhibited by certain things that made it difficult for us ... citing the use of chemical weapons. "I honestly believe that these two are particularly bad characters and that it's important for the Iraqi people to see them, to know they're gone, to know they're dead, and to know they're not coming back." [2][14], Rumsfeld named his autobiography Known and Unknown: A Memoir. After the elections on November 8, 2006, Bush announced Rumsfeld would resign his position as Secretary of Defense. For Rumsfeld, the plan required too many troops and supplies and took far too long to execute. Human Rights Watch Calls for Accountability into U.S. I should add that the briefing here is taking place in the Pentagon. [125], On November 1, 2006, Bush stated he would stand by Rumsfeld as defense secretary for the length of his term as president. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. I think that ... he resulted in the death of an awful lot of Iraqi people, In the last analysis, he seemed not terribly brave."[94]. As a result, "they set up what came to be known as the 'cabal', a cell of eight or nine analysts in a new Office of Special Plans (OSP) based in the U.S. Defense Department." 38, 4: pp.
"[88], After the Iraq invasion, U.S. troops were criticized for not protecting the historical artifacts and treasures located at the National Museum of Iraq. Because of this, critics, including members of the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, would hold Rumsfeld responsible for the ensuing Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal. "[90][91][92], In October 2003, Rumsfeld approved a secret Pentagon "roadmap" on public relations, calling for "boundaries" between information operations abroad and the news media at home. Bush's first choice, FedEx founder Fred Smith, was unavailable and Vice President-elect Cheney recommended Rumsfeld for the job. The regime of Iraqi Pres.

"[38], At the Pentagon, Rumsfeld oversaw the transition to an all-volunteer military. Not only UBL" (Osama bin Laden), Cambone's notes quoted Rumsfeld as saying. Our objective is to defeat those who use terrorism and those who house or support them. Rumsfeld grew up in Winnetka, Illinois.Rumsfeld becam… He faced further criticism in 2004 when photographs of U.S. soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad were published. [2] He is both the youngest and the second-oldest person to have served as Secretary of Defense. They used it as a technique to help people better understand their relationship with themselves as well as others. [102][95] According to The Guardian report, Rumsfeld was allegedly including biblical quotes in top secret briefing papers to appeal George W Bush, known for his devout religious beliefs, to invade Iraq as more like "holy war" or "a religious crusade" against Muslims. "Best info fast. Things related and not. He was replaced by Robert M. Gates in December 2006.

While at Princeton he was friends with another future Secretary of Defense, Frank Carlucci. [120][121][122] Commentator Pat Buchanan reported at the time that Washington Post columnist David Ignatius, who traveled often to Iraq and supported the war, said the generals "mirror the views of 75 percent of the officers in the field, and probably more". 1.1. In 1959, he moved on to become a staff assistant to Congressman Robert P. Griffin of Michigan. Rumsfeld also used the word "confusion" six times to describe the United Nations-backed military effort in Libya. On March 30, 2003, Rumsfeld in an interview with George Stephanopoulos on ABC's This Week program, answered a question by Stephanopoulos about finding weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, Rumsfeld stated "We know where they are. [135], In conjunction with the publication of Known and Unknown, Rumsfeld established "The Rumsfeld Papers", a website with documents "related to the endnotes" of the book and his service during the George W. Bush administration;[136] during the months that followed the book's publication, the website was expanded to include over 4,000 documents from his archive. Rumsfeld’s Rules: Leadership Lessons in Business, Politics, War, and Life (2013) comprised guidelines he had written out on note cards during his career, fleshed out with observations from historical figures and personal acquaintances. As a result, Rumsfeld stirred controversy as to whether the forces that did invade Iraq were enough in size.